Safe Future and Agricultural Research Journal (SFARJ)

Abstract Background: The use of medicinal plants and their effective compounds as natural sources that have antioxidant and antibacterial properties, has been considered by researchers. In this study, chemical compounds of Adiantum capillus-veneris essential oil were used to evaluate its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity using water distillation and gas chromatography. Methods: The whole plant was dried at room temperature at 25 ° C and the distillation method with water with modifications was used using a Clevenger device for essential oil extraction. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to identify the resulting essential oil compounds and the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the essential oil was evaluated. Results: The most important chemical constituents of Adiantum capillus-veneris essential oil were carvone (33.00%), carvacrol (15.05%), hexadecanoic acid (7.02%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (4.25%) and n-nonanal (4.2%). The antibacterial activity of Adiantum capillus-veneris essential oils (mg/ml) was calculated and the highest antibacterial activity was determined by Staphylococcus aureus (8.23±0.68), Streptococcus pyogenes (12.46±0.31), and Diphtheroid (11.37±1.02) at a concentration of 100 mg/ml of essential oils. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the essential oil of Adiantum capillus-veneris prevented the growth of three pathogenic bacteria. This antibacterial property is due to the presence of flavonoid compounds in Adiantum capillus-veneris which has the capacity for therapeutic and medical uses.

Abstract The industrial maintenance of livestock and poultry on a large scale in an intensive manner has increased the possibility of diseases, which reduces the occurrence of these diseases helps to increase growth and improves production traits. Today, the use of growth-promoting antibiotics has been limited due to the possibility of bacterial resistance and also transmission through manufactured products to consumers. Medicinal plants with antimicrobial effects and reduced serum lipids have been proposed as suitable alternatives for antibiotics. The origin of many medicines are herbal plants because due to the lipophilic nature of the effective oils found in some medicinal plants, these compounds can completely disrupt the membrane structure of bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacteria, and even some effective oils in essential oils have Irritation of the digestive system, increasing the production of digestive enzymes, improving the use of digestive products and the body's immune response. The most important biological activity of medicinal plants is related to antioxidant and antibacterial activities, related to their biologically active molecules such as carvacrol, thymol, cineol, allicin, capsaicin, piperine, etc. The property of stopping the reproduction of the disease agent or the lethality of the disease agent is a common point between chemical drugs and medicinal plants, but creating a protective layer on the intestine to prevent the penetration and growth of the coccidiosis agent in the intestines and stimulating the body's immune system against the disease agent is a unique feature.

Abstract  Loofah is a creeping plant that grows in nature on abandoned building structures and fence walls in some cities and villages. The sponge in the fruit holds the seeds. This sponge is used in rural areas of some countries to wash and clean household dishes and their seeds are thrown away. Natural cellulose fibers obtained from the world of plants have many uses. They can remove dead skin cells and make the skin glow. These copper cellulose fibers can clean and tighten the skin. Loofah can be cut into large or smaller pieces or different shapes and used as pads, cushions, and other practical items in handicrafts. Luffa fiber is a green alternative as a medium for root growth in hydroponic plants. The bud, flower, and ripe fruit of this plant can be used for food consumption. This fiber can be used as a filter in the engines of cars, and in water treatment plants. The fiber of this plant is used to absorb heavy metals from wastewater, including metals from olive oil factories. Loofah flour is also used as fertilizer.

Abstract Medicinal plants are highly popular due to their many useful uses in the health of animals, poultry, and humans. Today, the addition of feed additives and feed supplements including prebiotics, plant extracts, and probiotics in the diet of farm animals is increasing because of their useful applications, including increasing yield and production, as well as maintaining the health of livestock and poultry. The purpose of using growth-promoting antibiotic substitutes in livestock and poultry feed is to change the microbial flora in the host's digestive system to improve animal health and growth. These compounds, while increasing the digestibility of nutrients, reduce the growth of pathogens through competitive elimination mechanisms and stimulation of immune-related organs. Plant extracts with high amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds have stronger antioxidant activity. Based on this, the approach of the World Health Organization to the discussion of ethnopharmacology, the identification, and investigation of the medicinal effects of those plants, has been increased in the field of traditional medicine to produce low-risk drugs and natural antioxidants.

Abstract Food production and nutrition of human society are highly dependent on natural ecosystems and production systems in agriculture. More than three thousand plant species are responsible for providing food for the world's population, of which only 300 species are cultivated for food supply, and 12 species provide about 90% of the world's food consumption. The most important role of the bee is pollinating flowering plants, which unfortunately is not paid attention to because of little information and lack of culture. In addition to honey bees, other bees also play an essential role in plant pollination, which directly preserves the diversity of flowering plants and indirectly preserves the survival of a large part of animals. These insects play an essential role in preventing soil erosion and providing oxygen. In addition to honey bees, other bees also play an essential role in plant pollination, which directly preserves the diversity of flowering plants and indirectly preserves the survival of a large part of animals. Applying correct management to prevent losses and extinction of insects, guarantees food for living beings and preserves the ecosystem.

Abstract Grammosciadium Platycarpum Boiss is a rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds that have antioxidant activity. Antioxidants in the diet are important in terms of protecting the body against oxidative stress and maintaining health. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of mountain dill extract extracted with different solvents. In this research, water, ethanol, methanol, and hexane solutions were used. The content of flavonoid, total phenol, and anthocyanin was investigated. The highest yield of flavonoid extraction with methanol solution with the amount obtained (22.94±0.73 mg/g). The highest amount of anthocyanin measured was calculated related to extraction with ethanol solvent (3.40±0.12 mg/g). However, no significant difference was observed between different extracts obtained from different solutions in the amount of total phenol. The results indicated that extraction by alcohol solvent method has higher extraction efficiency and anthocyanin content than water and n-hexane solvent extracts. The type of solvent has a great effect on the anthocyanin and flavonoid content, which has a significant role in the antioxidant activity of the extract.